Article of manufacture.



Patented. F91 `6, 1917.

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INI/ENIOR;

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` WITNESS A. H. HENDERSON.

ARTICLE 0F MANUFACTURE.

APPLICM'IUN men MN. 1.3, m2.

1,215,275 Patente@ Feb. 6,1917.

WITNESSES ,INVENTOR A. H. HFMJEHSOND Y ARTICLE 0F MANUF'ACTURE.

APPLICAUQN man 1AN.13.1912.

1,215,275, ranma Feb. 6,1917. 1 4 EEEEEEEEEEEE 3.

INVENTOR u i Q/MM A. H. HENDERSON. ARHCLE 0F MANurAcTuHE.

APPLICATWN FILED ]AN.I3|1912.

Patented web. 6,1917.

4 SEEE] S-SHEET 4.

NVENTOR 44 fm/QW.,

W/INESSES- yawu/vua, 73.

N UNITED STATES PATENT or Fica-f ALBERT H. HENDERSON, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, AssiGNoR To Tim HENDERSON RUBBER COMPANY, oF BALTIMoRE, MARYLAND, A CORPORATION or MARYLAND.

ARTICLE F MAN UFACTURE.

Specification` of Letters Patent.

Application led J'ariilryl, 1912. Serial No. 671,045.

To all fie/0m t may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT H. HENDER- sox, :i citizen of the United States, residing at l'iltiniore, htateof lilaryland, have invented new and useful ln'iprovenients in Ar ticles of hhinutactui'e," of which the followiuplis a specification.

,My invention relates to an article of manufacture designed to, have great strength," tenacity and elasticity together with the ininiinuni of thickness and weight, it being intended for use in any of the industrial arts ywherein it is applicable, but more espevcially` a body, iller, lining or element'. inv tires adapted for automobiles, motor cycles or ordinary vehicles. I

In carrying out niy invention I employ `a been niercerized. and which is formed with a special weaveorbraid on the bias at a suitable angie.` This iveave or braid may be single or multiple, .its system of diagonal ,weft or ywei'ts as seen in cross section having the ell'ect of preventing breakage due to the strain in the direction of the article or upon the; threads in tlie direction of their length. A

The phrase diagonal weaving;l or braiding is intended to apply to a type of inereerized strength.tenacity and elasticity.

fabric including bias or angular weaving or braiding` the direction thereof' on opposite sides being `in revers n", Thus my inercerized fabric isdissiniilai;l from inercerized fabrics oi cloths ivoven in the straight or ordinary \va,v. 'Thisimproved `tabricfinayl be Woven,

knittedfor braided diagonally at the de-.

siredangrle in cross section and used in the form of a cloth or a tubing. and has great For example, in its tubular forni c'pnipensation is provided for under variations in l pressure or motion, lateral orothernise.

My invention is more especially directed `to a back and face fabric of the saine ina-` teifial and of the character above outlined.

'.lhe advantages ol a mercerizinl fabric oici'y one unniercerized are in'iportant. On

act-. o'uiit ofthe chemical ytreatment `to which it "has been subjected, theniercerimd fabric.

, and has is fstljeiigrtliened',` made Vmore absorbent'. and more :tlcx'ibletlian one unmercerized. It is also thinner and `lighter fora given strength, l ieater..durability Land toughn fs,

i'ii'criase in'fstrength of a inercerized -fabric over one lnin'iereerized of the saine original fibrous character being from tive to `fifteen times. It is peculiar] y `adapt-edf,toin'ly` present pui-posey for, inasmuch as 'the oils,

ivax, gums, etc., are removed, a porous fiber i is left ivhich offers the best possible stirface and interior for ruiber treatmentw Such inercerized fabric is `lo a` marked tent uniform in character, nbc-ther as to the l,

individual fibers O1' as to ;he=weave as a Whole and, its fibers being sn iallerthan those4 of a fabric not mercerized, a greaterniiin-H put in the saine space than is with unniercerized fibers.I It` ber can be practicable follows that the' woven or braided inercel` fio The interior of each liber ii hen niercerized l forms a cylindrical receptacle, and totliis the rubber incorporated ii ith the fabric reaches. Therefore not only is the exterior. of nach fiber coated, but the interior of eachis lilled ivith rubber, as also arel the interstices existing bet-Ween the juvtaposedfibers.,` Such advantages are not possiblewith cloths simply coated with rubber, as, for exaniplm where the latter is-heated and spread-or lnessed upon the surface of theicloth. 1N or is it possible withv fabrics coinposedf ibrous strands which have been coatedy withy other. fibrous and flexible ylodies and .adi-` hesive and vulcanizable materials. y i

Under my invention the fubberreceives the friction in the continua displacement, relatively speaking,` of one fit er with respect to the other in such a *move nent as would occur were this fabric employ ed in the man` ufacture and use of wheel tires. Further-y inore,.the interior of each fiament or ber of the thread being filled 'wit 1 rubber, Itherev can be no such collapse or flattening `ofi-the; fiber, as would `be the case were it`.uniner cerized duo to compression in the rotation of thewheel, and especially to rthejoltin sideivise nmvcnient or skidding `to Whic tires are exposed'. In other Wordsyins'tead of friction occurring `between the fibers themselves, and `in eachindii idiial fiber between what may i be termed" 'its` respective@ ivalls,` the friction is cliaiigedjo one"betweenf'l interior fillings of viilcariiizell `rubber*and the inner ivallsof thel fibel" and also `between the thin covering of vulcanized rubbei' found upon the exterior of each individual fiber. Therefore, `Wien the Whole 1 cross pllay used. ,utwith '35'.

i. uct being rendered ,open pores of .whic g-.or'saturated with rubber.- These two rubber satirated bodies are consolidated under heat -van l ftio'n Vconsoli eration. .`\This consolidated body. may also be used with other and ordinary fabrics as weave or braid' has been mercerized and imregnated with rubber there is no friction etween the natural fibers, but between fibers interiorly filled and exteriorly coated with rubber and constituting the entire fabric.

The purpose of the diagonally and reversely directed weave, or the diagonally and reversely directed interlocked weave in multiple, whether the fabric be straight or circular, is to adapt it to most effectively receive the rubber deposited on the vexterior of each fiber, so that the friction to which 'the rubber, and not the fiber, is subjected shall vbe dlstributed throughout the entire fabric in the least destructive manner.

It is known that one of the important objects in the construction of a cushion tire (with which article my lnvention maiyjbe e it illustratively described) is that whi shall retain its strengthand flexibility it shall bev consolidated as far as practicable .by the permanent adhesion of its parts so tl separationfthereof under the various conditions towhich a tire is subjected is prevented. Of such conditions are concussion due to the ordinary rolling motion, or

under'lateral, twisting, buckling o r knuckling strain, -or under the jarring 1n a va' riety of directions conse nent u pon the meeting of the tire with obstructions. In order to rovide in a measure for such con kditions4 'emercerized fabric of multiple and imtg ated with rubber is Y is preferably employ a rawhide body or equiva ent natural product ofthe animal kingdom, said body or prodplermanently spongy the .arealso impregnated ressure and vulcanized, the vulcanizaingeifected either during the act of tion or at another stage of the op may be desired in the formation of the tire; The rawhide is treated `preferably as set v forth in my Patent No. 1,020,498, dated Maich 19, 1912, and which1mode of treatment forms no part of myl present invention, nor does the composition of matter the resultant of that method as set forth in my Patent No. 1,020,497 of the same date except as an element in' ycombinations hereinafter described.'V It may, however, be briefly stated that the rawhide is treated in the form of disks er slugs, or in fragmentary,

shredded or granulated condition, insuch Qexible or resilient.

has been softened or swollen'by a steaming manner asto permanently expand the hide to considerably .beyond its normal state and` vopen its pores, vand thereafter .impregnated with rubber whereby' it is made permanently Heretofore, rawhide or hot water treatment, .but such practice has the disadvantage of introducing into the rawhide a certain amount of water which, penetrating to the interior of the substance and there remaining, prevents the subse# quent introduction of oils or oily substances or rubber solutions; and if the rawhide thus subjected -to such softening. and swelling treatment is afterward dried out, it :resumes itsoriginal condition without any useful result having been accomplished. But as the agent employed by me for the swelling and the opening of the pores `of the rawhide may be removed the substance is still left substantially in the form of a spongy mass and in ideal condition to Aabsorb any solution of rubber or oily or other material which it is A desired'to 'add to the substance in order to give to it the characteristic of flexibility or resiliency.` This feature of my invention will be recognized as applicable to tires, inasmuch asthe combined tube used therewith,

-and made in accordance with my invention,

has al1 the tenacity of rawhide and the flexibility of rubber to which are added the advantages pertaining'to the use of the mercerized fabric the individual fibers of which are not. only charged with rubber, but the interstices existing between the fibers, or the fibers of a multiple ly are also completely filled with rubber.y he strength of such a combination of bodies when consolidated under heat and pressure, and the rubber has been vulcanized, forms a material for a tire which while being against puncture, is, because of the elasticity found in the body, self-sealing.

In the accompanying drawmgs,-

Figure 1 shows in longitudinal section the spongy rawhide body not impregnated with rubber. Eig. 2 shows in similar section the' spongy rawhide -impregnated with rubber. Fig. 3 is plan view Aof a. piece of mercerized fabric having the diagonal and reversely directed weave. Fig. l is asimilar View showing the mercerized fabric impregnated with rubber. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of Fig. 3, showing the multiple plv, and Fig. 6 is a similar section ofl Fig. 4, showing the multiple ply and rubber impregnation. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section showing a consolidation of the rubber-iin-4 pregnated rawhide of Fig. 2. and the rubber-Impregnated lmercerized fabric' of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 shows the same consolidation reinforced on the `underside by heavy fabric or.

other bodies and an under layer of rubberimpregnated mercerized fabric.

substantially proof rigs. 9, 1o,

11 a d V1B show on enlarged scale for-ms of o the ercerized fabric having diagonal and rever'sely directed and interlocked weave 1n;

multiple. Fig.' 9I is; intended to illustrate by contrast a'peculiarity in my vim roved weave las hereinafter pointed out. `ig. 12

,is an end'viewjshowmg a form m? circular braiding 1n which multiple and interlocked 150' condition under the treatmentl ier'einbefore By referring', YfoiV :deSCl'lbed und l'eldy it@ be impregnatedwith will 'beseentlmt the Wfl-'f1 bei-'infin being -also' coated with' rubber.l `"p ijtitll'letf in Silit-ligastructure' or LirbTic s' ee of great strength, toughness andelasticity 152 {figg-g1 11:5 (1.1111712. In Eig, 'thus'ma'desA 1nL Fig. the fibrous. bully 0 1' lieing'bnlt tn'o-p'lyQtli 'Sa'.nedegre C0 Q1' relation is gwen f tr "plies y iii multiple.

l g'` M o een eitsel .Y 1. pattern. `While with a straight weave' l i .In'od r to give a. furllei` understanding' 0f which the Warpe and weft s areinte'rlaced as n the"` expediency ot manufacture and' utili-ty rherein described, blow h1 les in the .rubber af my improved Woven .o1-"braided, abrc,I lwith which it tu be impregnated' 130,4-

are not generally found, this is especially true of the diagonally woven fabric in which the possibility of blow holes occurring is reduced toa minimum. In other words, the fabric of this 4reversely and diagonally woven type when treated with rubber can be consolidated into a mass .the coiiipactness of which, it is believed, is not known to t-lie prior art, adapting my fabric -to withstand great strains and stressesv` as in automobile tires, tire hose and the like in which great stability, durability and sol-idity, due to this compactness, are required.

The passage of the warp from the face to the back of the patterii,'and the interlacingi,r of the warp with the intervening weft greatly increases the strength of the fabric, especially against tensional strain, even when the fabric is not combined with rubber. lint the strength of the article is largely in` creased and its fitness for commercial uses enhanced when the fabric is charged interiorl)r with rubber and the latter is exterior-ly locked by the anchorage afforded by the face and back course of the. warp and the interlacing thereof with the intervening weft.

The article of manufacture thus far described may he used alone in the arts, and especially in the manufacture of cushion tires; lmt vasshown in Fig. S the rubber impregnated or treated rawhide and the rubber saturated inercerized fabric, joined as stated, and as shown in Fig. T, arevreinforced, preferably'uponthe inner side, 'with bodies of heavy fabric shown b v (i, and by an under layer .of inercerized and rubber impregnated fabric as indicated by 4, the whole `beiii,., 1f consolidated under the infin* ences of heat and pressure. The purpose of the interpositio'n of the heavy fabric 6 be# tween the two layers of rubber treated mercer-ized fabric is to increasqthe stiffness of the whole composition ,where toomuch elasticity might be objectionable, 'as for examv ple, in tiresof'kwliat may. be tei-ined scimsolid character, adapted fdr-heavy trucks.

and similar vehicles. v

Referring nowto Fig. 1i), a representan tion -is `given ofii fragmentaryportion Yof a tire embodying constituent elements hereinbefore described. T be rubber impregnoted lor treated rawhide forms the tread of the tire, thev inner, tube being constituted o'f the mercerized` and rubber impregnated fabric which may begof single or multiple ply in cross section and coated insideand .outside with rubber as the nature of the tire may require.

In Fig. 20 a form of tire is shown `in crosssection, the tread portion, also of rubber-impregnated or treated i rawhide, being interiorly connected with ii lining of heavy fabric' 6, contiguous' te which is the inervei'ized rubber-'saturated diagonally woven' abrio, within which. in

`turn is the innermost tube similarly 'of ln Fig. )1 the same. form layer of heavyY fabric (i. 4

The fibrous material hereinbefore mentioned as mercerized is not specifically named. it being my .intention to use any fabric of suitable character which capable of mercerization. It is also to be understood that where rubber is mentioned rubber or rubber compounds of any forni or character are intended tov be included.4

In Fig. 22 is shown a tubular formation, such as an inner tube of a tire, a tire hose or the like to the manutan-ture of which in v larticle of manufacture is adaptable. It is also applicable to the purposes of insulation. and in the manufacture of shoe soles, life preservers. .rain coats, medical mattresses, air cushions. collapsible boats, and in fact to a` great variety of uses.

vl claim:-

1. The herein described article of manufacture, the saine consisting in a woven inercerized fabric in which throughout the en; tire pattern a series of wai-ps pass indirectly from its face to its back and in so passing interlace by engaging with and partlyencircling intervenirugr wefts within the `body of the fabric, combined with rubber admitted to the interior and coated upon the .exterior of each fiber and lling the spaces of -warps pass indirectly' from 'its face to itsbnck and in so passing intcrlaceby engaging with and partly encircling interveiif.

mg wefts within the body of the fabric,

combined with rubber admitted to the interior and coated upon the exterior of each fiber and fillin the-spacesexisting lietweeii the juxtapose bers, substantially'r asset forth.

3..'I`he herein described article of manu` facture, the saine consisting in a woven mei'- cerized .fabric in 'which throughout the en` tire pattern a seriesl..of. warps pass indirectlyfrom its facetti its back and iii-sopassing interlace by engaging. with and partly encircling intervening wefts witliiii V' the body of the fabric, combined with rubi' ber admitted to the interior and coated upon the `exterior of each fiber and filling the spaces, v existing between the juxtaposed Y ba el( a' libere1 tb :rgilbbra' being vulcanized, substantiallgyV ae set fortlh el-l. The licrein dee ribed articte ol marmfactore7 tbe eamo corn, etii'ltr in diagonall;r and revel y ivoren mereer* d fabric in which tbrougl'iout tlieentire pattern seriesI of w a r1" "i ,tiriy ,tly :from face to ite in terlace by engagii i encire in intervening n' fte of tbe fabric, combi. d w'tli rubber admitted to the interior and coated upon the exterior oil each. liber. end filling' the pacosexi Jingr lieti een the juxtaposed libere, tbe rubber being vulcanized, Substantially ae forth.

The herein described article of manu faetore, tlie Same consisting in 'a 'woven nier Aoerined fabric in `wliicli throughout the er1- tire pattern a series ol warpe poes indirectly with and part `iiirol'n its itaceto ite baclr and in so passing interim by eiigaging with and partly eneirelu' g ii'itervening Weite Within tbe body Aof tben labrio1 combined with rubber admitteij, to tbe int- )r and. coated upon the exterior of eacliv liber and filling the epilees existing between tbe juxtaposed fibers7 suoli rubber treated fabric being combined with a body formed of fragmentary, grauulatecil or rrnanerated vrewliide :impregnated witli rubber, tbe eapid rubliier treated. fabric and rawhide being consolidated, .eubetantielly ae Set fortbl 6. The herein described article of manu facture, the same consisting in woven mereerized liabric in .wliicb throughout the entire l e ries; of warps paeeindb rectly from. ite free to its bach' and in eo passing inte. lace by en.T 'aging with and partly enoir fr intervening Weite Within the bodyv oli tbe fabric, combined with rubber admitted to the interim;- and coated upon tbe exterior of eacli. fiber and filling tli'ie spaeee exis-:sting between tbe juxtaposed fibers, such. riilbber treated itabrie being oonry bined with a body formed of fragmentary, granulated or niaceriited rawhide impregnated with rubber, the said rubber treated. fabric and rawl'iide being consolidated, :and the rubber enterinfl .'nto the fafbri: and rawbide being vhleaoized, subetantially as set fortln 'i'. The herein. deecribed article of maioli-n iacture, tbe some consisting in a, diagonally :md` revereely Wovon. Ineroerized fabric in .combined `with rubber ,ersV j a un;y treated with. rubber, tbe sa d rubber tre: fabric and ra hide being coneoll dated, eubetantiallgF set fertili. ,A

The herein deecril l article oli mam ture tbesanie emissie ing' in, ay diafronally and rerereely woven nef ,l which throughout the unire pattern it ee-` rjiee of oarps plies indirectly i, to its baci; and in eo pir img "interlace by ei'lggagiug with and par Aly enoirr, nig inter mening; wette within tbe body i; the fabric, idniitterl to the in.. terior coated upon be exterior of erich fibe and filling tliesipacee existing between the juxtaposed libere, suoli rubber treeted `'fabric beine; combined Au'itb a-body formed orf trairineutar y irritated, or numerati l rawhide imlnfegnated witb robber7 the said rubber treated i'ibrie und rawhide being consolidated and the rubber entering into the fabric and. rari'liido beiug Vnlc'finizeoh substantially as set fort 1.

E). The herein described artiele otmannfaeture, tbe Samecomplieing a Woven mercerized .fabric in which tliroogbout iis tire extent a eeriee. ol warp tl'ireade pase a lternately and ind. vet y from one 'fae'e to tbe other, each ol vsaid tl'ireade between its aruiearanoe on opijiosite laces passing around and interlaoing with Wei; threads in the iintcrior oil the iabrie, 'combined with rubber which admitted in a soluble condition to the interior ol each liber so as to lill the bore thereof, ouate tbe ertorior of tbe fiber, and. lille `tbe spacer i-.aietng between. the various libere'.

In testimony wbe enf l afix my signoture e pattern. a series 55 Elib' y 

